Oxygen

__ popsci.com/.../ 2008-03/flaming-oxygen-drops __



Some Basic Facts.
Name: Oxygen ( //o//k-si -jen) Symbol: O Greek Roots: oxys and genes, together meaning “acid forming” Description: colorless gas; odorless; tasteless; pale blue when in liquid and solid form. Atomic Mass: 15.9994 Atomic Number: 8 Melting Point: 54.36 K (-218.79°C or -361.82°F) Boiling Point: 90.20 K (-182.95°C or -297.31°F) Physical State at Room Temperature: Gas Density: 0.001429 grams per cubic centimeter Period Number: 2 Group Number: 16 Group Name: Halogen Series: Nonmetal

http://web1.caryacademy.org/chemistry/rushin/StudentProjects/ElementWebSites/oxygen/basicfactso.htm



History:
Oxygen had been produced by several chemists prior to its discovery in 1774, but they failed to recognize it as a distinct element. Joseph Priestley and Carl Wilhelm Scheele both independently discovered oxygen, but Priestly is usually given credit for the discovery. They were both able to produce oxygen by heating mercuric oxide (HgO). Priestley called the gas produced in his experiments 'dephlogisticated air' and Scheele called his 'fire air'. The name oxygen was created by Antoine Lavoisier who incorrectly believed that oxygen was necessary to form all acids.

**Date of Discovery:** 1774
 * Discoverer:** Joseph Priestly
 * Name Origin:** From the Greek words //oxus// (acid) and //gennan// (generate)
 * Uses:** supports life
 * Obtained From:** from liquid air


 * [[image: http://www.chemicalelements.com/bohr/b0008.gif  width="213" height="211" caption="[Bohr Model of Oxygen]"]] ||  || ***  **Number of Energy Levels: **2** First Energy Level: **2**
 * Second Energy Level: **6** ||

Education in oxygenation and in how oxygen is given to newborns needs to increase. Treatment with oxygen should no longer be considered proverbial and customary, regardless of our 'past experience' or consensus recommendations in clinical guidelines, since oxygen may lead to acute or chronic health effects. Conclusion: Inappropriate oxygen use is a neonatal health hazard associated with aging, DNA damage and cancer, retinopathy of prematurity, injury to the developing brain, infection and others. Neonatal exposure to pure O2, even if brief, or to pulse oximetry >95% when breathing supplemental O2 must be avoided as much as possible. <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">

<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Uses:
<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Plants and animals rely on oxygen for respiration. Hospitals frequently prescribe oxygen for patients with respiratory ailments.

<span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Georgia','serif'; mso-ansi-language: EN;">All major classes of structural molecules in living organisms, such as [|proteins], [|carbohydrates] , and [|fats] , contain oxygen, as do the major [|inorganic compounds] that comprise animal shells, teeth, and bone. Oxygen in the form of O2 is produced from water by [|cyanobacteria], [|algae] and plants during [|photosynthesis] and is used in [|cellular respiration] for all complex life. Oxygen is toxic to [|obligately anaerobic organisms], which were the dominant form of [|early life] on Earth until O2 began to accumulate in the atmosphere 2.5 billion years ago. [|[4]] Another form ( [|allotrope] ) of oxygen, [|ozone] ( O3 ), helps protect the biosphere from [|ultraviolet radiation] with the high-altitude [|ozone layer], but is a pollutant near the surface where it is a by-product of [|smog].

|| <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">**<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Half Life ** || || <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">122.2 seconds || || <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Stable || || <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Stable || || <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Stable ||
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">**<span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">Isotop e **
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">O-15
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">O-16
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">O-17
 * <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"> <span style="font-family: Georgia, serif;">O-18