Magnesium

=BChr=

= Magnesium Essential Data: = = =

= Element Name: Magnesium = = Symbol: Mg = = Atomic Number: 12 = = Atomic Mass: 24.3050 = = Period: 3 = = Group: 2 =

Grouping Name: Alkaline Earth Metal
== Definition in Dictonary: A lightweight,silver-white maleable and ductile metallic chemical element,one of the alkaine-earth metals,used in making several alloys and because it burns with a hot,white light,in photographic flashbulbs,incendiary bombs,etc... == Medical saying:A white mineral element found in a soft tissue,muscles,bones and to some extent in the body fluids.It is a natually occuring element on earth,being extracted from well and sea water.The human body contains aproox.25gm.of magnesium,most of which is in the bones and muscles contains less than bones. Magnesium in the bloodstream is between 1.5 and 2.5 mEg liters.You can get magnesium in grains,fruits and vegetables.An average diet would contain 200 to 400 mg a day.It also is associated to regulation of body temperature,newromuscular contraction and synthisis of protein.

=__ History: __= The word Magnesium comes from the Greek word for a district in Thessaly called Magnesia. It is closely related to Magnetite and Manganese. It is usually found in large deposits of magnesite. The metal was first produced by Sir Humphry Davy in 1808, and suggested the name Magnium, but was eventually named Magnesium. Medical purposes: It is used in foods and medicines along with being found in parts of the body. There are many foods that are high magnesium such as roasted pumpkin seeds and almonds.

=__ Physical Properties: __= **Melting Point:** 923 K (650°C or 1202°F) **Boiling Point:** 1363 K (1090°C or 1994°F) **Atomic number**: 12 **Atomic mass**: 24.3050 There are three natural isotopes, their mass numbers being 24, 25, and 26. Mass number 24 is 78.99% abundant. Mass number 25 is 10% abundant. Mass number 26 is 11.01% abundant. **State of matter at Room Temperature**: Solid **Color**: Silvery-white **Texture:** At a solid natural state, magnesium is usually fairly rough.

= Element Uses: = Magnesium is an essential element in biological systems. Magnesium occurs typically as the Mg2+ ion. It is an essential mineral nutrient for life and is present in every cell type in every organism. As magnesium is important to each individual cell, deficiency will cause disease phenotypes in the affected organism. In single-celled organisms the phenotype is very easy to see; bacteria and yeast both show greatly reduced growth rates when magnesium is limiting. Additionally, when the magnesium uptake systems are deleted genetically from these organisms they must be supplemented with very high external concentrations of magnesium to achieve normal growth rates. Dietary magnesium does not pose a health risk, however very high doses of magnesium supplements, which may be added to laxatives, can promote adverse effects such as diarrhea. Magnesium toxicity is more often associated with kidney failure, when the kidney loses the ability to remove excess magnesium. Very large doses of laxatives also have been associated with magnesium toxicity, even with normal kidney function. The elderly are at risk of magnesium toxicity because kidney function declines with age and they are more likely to take magnesium-containing laxatives and antacids. The abundance of magnesium is 513 Nuclei per milion. On an environmental spectrum of 0 - 3 Magnesium oxide fume registers 0.8. A score of 3 represents a very high hazard to the environment and 0 a negligible hazard. Factors that are taken into account to obtain this ranking include the extent of the material's toxic or poisonous nature and/or its lack of toxicity, and the measure of its ability to remain active in the environment and whether it accumulates in living organisms. It does not take into exposure to the substance.

= Other Info: = Important compounds are Epsom salts, Milk of Magnesia, and Girgnard Reagents. You can buy 900 capsules of magnesium for $100.

Magnesium Isotopes

symbol ||~ Z(p) ||~ N(n) ||~ isotopic mass (u) ||~ half-life ||~ nuclear spin ||~ representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) ||~ range of natural variation (mole fraction) ||
 * ~ nuclide
 * ^  ||||||~ excitation energy ||
 * 19Mg ||> 12 ||> 7 || 19.03547(27) ||  || 1/2-# ||   ||   ||
 * 20Mg ||> 12 ||> 8 || 20.018863(29) || 90.8(24) ms || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 21Mg ||> 12 ||> 9 || 21.011713(18) || 122(2) ms || (5/2,3/2)+ ||  ||   ||
 * 22Mg ||> 12 ||> 10 || 21.9995738(14) || 3.8755(12) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 23Mg ||> 12 ||> 11 || 22.9941237(14) || 11.317(11) s || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 24Mg ||> 12 ||> 12 || 23.985041700(14) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.7899(4) || 0.78958-0.79017 ||
 * 25Mg ||> 12 ||> 13 || 24.98583692(3) || STABLE || 5/2+ || 0.1000(1) || 0.09996-0.10012 ||
 * 26Mg ||> 12 ||> 14 || 25.982592929(30) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.1101(3) || 0.10987-0.11030 ||
 * 27Mg ||> 12 ||> 15 || 26.98434059(5) || 9.458(12) min || 1/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 28Mg ||> 12 ||> 16 || 27.9838768(22) || 20.915(9) h || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 29Mg ||> 12 ||> 17 || 28.988600(15) || 1.30(12) s || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 30Mg ||> 12 ||> 18 || 29.990434(9) || 335(17) ms || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 31Mg ||> 12 ||> 19 || 30.996546(13) || 230(20) ms || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 32Mg ||> 12 ||> 20 || 31.998975(19) || 86(5) ms || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 33Mg ||> 12 ||> 21 || 33.005254(21) || 90.5(16) ms || 7/2-# ||  ||   ||
 * 34Mg ||> 12 ||> 22 || 34.00946(25) || 20(10) ms || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 35Mg ||> 12 ||> 23 || 35.01734(43)# || 70(40) ms || (7/2-)# ||  ||   ||
 * 36Mg ||> 12 ||> 24 || 36.02300(54)# || 3.9(13) ms || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 37Mg ||> 12 ||> 25 || 37.03140(97)# || 40# ms [>260 ns] || 7/2-# ||  ||   ||
 * 38Mg ||> 12 ||> 26 || 38.03757(54)# || 1# ms [>260 ns] || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 39Mg ||> 12 ||> 27 || 39.04677(55)# || <260 ns || 7/2-# ||  ||   ||
 * 40Mg ||> 12 ||> 28 || 40.05393(97)# || 1# ms || 0+ ||  ||

Magnesium is also used for rockets and pennies!

Pictures:


Bohr Model:

Video/Podcast: Combustion of Magnesium media type="custom" key="3059720"

Website Link: http://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele012.html