Tin

= Tin = Symbol: **Sn** Atomic Number: **#50** Atomic Mass: **118.69** Period: **5** Group: **14** State at Room Temperature: **Solid**

Tin has been known to humans for thousands of years. Many references of tin can even be found in the Bible. Since Tin has a hardening effect on copper, it was used in bronze implements as early as 3,500 B.C. Tin mining was started in Cornwall and Devon. Historically, Cornwall was the major producer of Tin. Until large amounts were discovered in the Bolivian Tin belt and Asian Tin belt. Tin is still greatly produced today. It is used as protective coating on other metals. The most familiar use of Tin is the Tin can, but they are actually made of steel and just coated with Tin. Tin is used in the process to create window glass, to form many useful alloys, and Tin salts can be sprayed on glass to make electrically conductive coatings.
 * Discovery & Interaction **

Tin has checical properties of both metals and non-metals. Tin has two allotropes, a behavior exhibited by certain chemical elements, at normal pressure and tempurature. The third allotrope is called brittle tin and exsists a temperatures above 161 °C. At Below 13.2 °C, it exists as //gray// or alpha tin. ** Physical Properties ** Boiling Point: **4,715°F (2,602°C)** Melting Point: **449.47°F (231.93°C)** Isotopes:**10 stable 28 unstable** Percent Abundance: **Less that 5%** State of Matter: **solid** Color: **Silvery/Gray** Texture: **Smooth, with shiny appearance**
 * Chemical Properties**

=For Information on Tin Go To:= =http://www.webelements.com/tin/=



**Element Uses** **: Tin might be a necessary element in very, very, small quantities in rats. Organotin compounds are used as bactericides and fungicides in marine environments but cause environmental concern as they cause severe problems to local wildlife.Tins as single atoms or molecules are not very toxic to any kind of organism, the toxic form is the organic form. Organic tin components can maintain in the environment for long periods of time. They are very persistent and not fairly biodegradable. Microrganisms have a great deal of trouble breaking down organic tin compounds that have accumulated on water soils for many years. The concentrations of organic tins still rise due to this.**

The effects of organic tin substances can vary. They depend upon the kind of substance that is present and the organism that is exposed to it. Triethyltin is the most dangerous organic tin substance for humans. It has relatively short hydrogen bonds. When hydrogen bonds grow longer a tin substance will be less dangerous to human health. Humans can absorb tin bonds through food and breathing and through the skin. The uptake of tin bonds can cause acute effects as well as long-term effects.
 * ** Tin is mainly applied in various organic substances. The organic tin bonds are the most dangerous forms of tin for humans. Despite the dangers they are applied in a great number of industries, such as the paint industry and the plastic industry, and in agriculture through pesticides. The number of applications of organic tin substances is still increasing, despite the fact that we know the consequences of tin poisoning.

Acute effects are: - Eye and skin irritations - Headaches - Stomachaches - Sickness and dizziness - Severe sweating - Breathlessness - Urination problems

Long-term effects are: - Depressions - Liver damage - Malfunctioning of immune systems - Chromosomal damage - Shortage of red blood cells - Brain damage (causing anger, sleeping disorders, forgetfulness and headaches) ** ||

**Abundance of Tin:**
 * Tin makes up less than 5% of the earths crust.**

symbol ||~ Z([|p]) ||~ N([|n]) ||~ isotopic mass (u) ||~ half-life ||~ nuclear spin ||~ representative isotopic composition (mole fraction) ||~ range of natural variation (mole fraction) ||
 * ~ nuclide
 * ^  ||||||~ excitation energy ||
 * 99Sn ||> 50 ||> 49 || 98.94933(64)# || 5# ms || 9/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 100Sn ||> 50 ||> 50 || 99.93904(76) || 1.1(4) s [0.94(+54-27) s] || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 101Sn ||> 50 ||> 51 || 100.93606(32)# || 3(1) s || 5/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 102Sn ||> 50 ||> 52 || 101.93030(14) || 4.5(7) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 102mSn |||||| 2017(2) keV || 720(220) ns || (6+) ||  ||   ||
 * 103Sn ||> 50 ||> 53 || 102.92810(32)# || 7.0(6) s || 5/2+# ||  ||   ||
 * 104Sn ||> 50 ||> 54 || 103.92314(11) || 20.8(5) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 105Sn ||> 50 ||> 55 || 104.92135(9) || 34(1) s || (5/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 106Sn ||> 50 ||> 56 || 105.91688(5) || 115(5) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 107Sn ||> 50 ||> 57 || 106.91564(9) || 2.90(5) min || (5/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 108Sn ||> 50 ||> 58 || 107.911925(21) || 10.30(8) min || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 109Sn ||> 50 ||> 59 || 108.911283(11) || 18.0(2) min || 5/2(+) ||  ||   ||
 * 110Sn ||> 50 ||> 60 || 109.907843(15) || 4.11(10) h || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 111Sn ||> 50 ||> 61 || 110.907734(7) || 35.3(6) min || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 111mSn |||||| 254.72(8) keV || 12.5(10) µs || 1/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 112Sn ||> 50 ||> 62 || 111.904818(5) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.0097(1) ||  ||
 * 113Sn ||> 50 ||> 63 || 112.905171(4) || 115.09(3) d || 1/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 113mSn |||||| 77.386(19) keV || 21.4(4) min || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 114Sn ||> 50 ||> 64 || 113.902779(3) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.0066(1) ||  ||
 * 114mSn |||||| 3087.37(7) keV || 733(14) ns || 7- ||  ||   ||
 * 115Sn ||> 50 ||> 65 || 114.903342(3) || STABLE || 1/2+ || 0.0034(1) ||  ||
 * 115m1Sn |||||| 612.81(4) keV || 3.26(8) µs || 7/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 115m2Sn |||||| 713.64(12) keV || 159(1) µs || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 116Sn ||> 50 ||> 66 || 115.901741(3) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.1454(9) ||  ||
 * 117Sn ||> 50 ||> 67 || 116.902952(3) || STABLE || 1/2+ || 0.0768(7) ||  ||
 * 117m1Sn |||||| 314.58(4) keV || 13.76(4) d || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 117m2Sn |||||| 2406.4(4) keV || 1.75(7) µs || (19/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 118Sn ||> 50 ||> 68 || 117.901603(3) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.2422(9) ||  ||
 * 119Sn ||> 50 ||> 69 || 118.903308(3) || STABLE || 1/2+ || 0.0859(4) ||  ||
 * 119m1Sn |||||| 89.531(13) keV || 293.1(7) d || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 119m2Sn |||||| 2127.0(10) keV || 9.6(12) µs || (19/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 120Sn ||> 50 ||> 70 || 119.9021947(27) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.3258(9) ||  ||
 * 120m1Sn |||||| 2481.63(6) keV || 11.8(5) µs || (7-) ||  ||   ||
 * 120m2Sn |||||| 2902.22(22) keV || 6.26(11) µs || (10+)# ||  ||   ||
 * 121Sn ||> 50 ||> 71 || 120.9042355(27) || 27.03(4) h || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 121m1Sn |||||| 6.30(6) keV || 43.9(5) a || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 121m2Sn |||||| 1998.8(9) keV || 5.3(5) µs || (19/2+)# ||  ||   ||
 * 121m3Sn |||||| 2834.6(18) keV || 0.167(25) µs || (27/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 122Sn ||> 50 ||> 72 || 121.9034390(29) || STABLE || 0+ || 0.0463(3) ||  ||
 * 123Sn ||> 50 ||> 73 || 122.9057208(29) || 129.2(4) d || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 123m1Sn |||||| 24.6(4) keV || 40.06(1) min || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 123m2Sn |||||| 1945.0(10) keV || 7.4(26) µs || (19/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 123m3Sn |||||| 2153.0(12) keV || 6 µs || (23/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 123m4Sn |||||| 2713.0(14) keV || 34 µs || (27/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 124Sn ||> 50 ||> 74 || 123.9052739(15) || STABLE [>100E+15 a] || 0+ || 0.0579(5) ||  ||
 * 124m1Sn |||||| 2204.622(23) keV || 0.27(6) µs || 5- ||  ||   ||
 * 124m2Sn |||||| 2325.01(4) keV || 3.1(5) µs || 7- ||  ||   ||
 * 124m3Sn |||||| 2656.6(5) keV || 45(5) µs || (10+)# ||  ||   ||
 * 125Sn ||> 50 ||> 75 || 124.9077841(16) || 9.64(3) d || 11/2- ||  ||   ||
 * 125mSn |||||| 27.50(14) keV || 9.52(5) min || 3/2+ ||  ||   ||
 * 126Sn ||> 50 ||> 76 || 125.907653(11) || 2.30(14)E+5 a || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 126m1Sn |||||| 2218.99(8) keV || 6.6(14) µs || 7- ||  ||   ||
 * 126m2Sn |||||| 2564.5(5) keV || 7.7(5) µs || (10+)# ||  ||   ||
 * 127Sn ||> 50 ||> 77 || 126.910360(26) || 2.10(4) h || (11/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 127mSn |||||| 4.7(3) keV || 4.13(3) min || (3/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 128Sn ||> 50 ||> 78 || 127.910537(29) || 59.07(14) min || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 128mSn |||||| 2091.50(11) keV || 6.5(5) s || (7-) ||  ||   ||
 * 129Sn ||> 50 ||> 79 || 128.91348(3) || 2.23(4) min || (3/2+)# ||  ||   ||
 * 129mSn |||||| 35.2(3) keV || 6.9(1) min || (11/2-)# ||  ||   ||
 * 130Sn ||> 50 ||> 80 || 129.913967(11) || 3.72(7) min || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 130m1Sn |||||| 1946.88(10) keV || 1.7(1) min || (7-)# ||  ||   ||
 * 130m2Sn |||||| 2434.79(12) keV || 1.61(15) µs || (10+) ||  ||   ||
 * 131Sn ||> 50 ||> 81 || 130.917000(23) || 56.0(5) s || (3/2+) ||  ||   ||
 * 131m1Sn |||||| 80(30)# keV || 58.4(5) s || (11/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 131m2Sn |||||| 4846.7(9) keV || 300(20) ns || (19/2- to 23/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 132Sn ||> 50 ||> 82 || 131.917816(15) || 39.7(8) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 133Sn ||> 50 ||> 83 || 132.92383(4) || 1.45(3) s || (7/2-)# ||  ||   ||
 * 134Sn ||> 50 ||> 84 || 133.92829(11) || 1.050(11) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 135Sn ||> 50 ||> 85 || 134.93473(43)# || 530(20) ms || (7/2-) ||  ||   ||
 * 136Sn ||> 50 ||> 86 || 135.93934(54)# || 0.25(3) s || 0+ ||  ||   ||
 * 137Sn ||> 50 ||> 87 || 136.94599(64)# || 190(60) ms || 5/2-# ||

media type="custom" key="3060474" ** Some compounds that tin form include: ** **SnO and Sno2 Halides Compounds with Chloride, Iodide, Bromide, and Fluoride Formulas SnF2 and SnF4 Selenides and Tellurides**

** How Much You Can Buy With $100: Tin is $8.00 for 100 grams, so with $100 you can buy 1,250 grams.**